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Combs

Mendel's Principles of Heredity
William Bateson:
1909 University Press, Cambridge.
google book preview: Bateson-page 61_combs
download all book- pdf (36.7MB)

The genetic architecture of a female sexual ornament.
Wright D, Kerje S, Brändström H, Schütz K, Kindmark A, Andersson L, Jensen P, Pizzari T. Evolution. 2008 Jan;62(1):86-98.
full paper

INHERITANCE OF SIDE SPRIGS. Data on the Inheritance of Side Sprigs on the Combs of Single. Comb White Leghorns.
V. S. Asmundson.
J Hered (1926) 17(8): 281-284
full paper

A Comb-inhibiting gene. An Inhibitor of the Development of the Pea and Walnut Combs in Domestic Fowl.
Petroff, S.G.,
1929 J. Hered. 20 (11): 540- 542.
full paper

-------added below---------

Spike Blade — A Heritable Single Comb Variation In The Fowl.
D. C. Warren
J Hered (1939) 30(6): 257-260
full paper

The Association Of Comb And Crest Characters In The Domestic Fowl.
Morley A. Jull
J Hered (1930) 21(1): 21-28
full paper

Breast Ridge, Associated with Pea and Walnut Comb, as an Aid in Identifying Comb Type.
R. D. Crawford
Poult Sci 1961. 40:262-263
full paper

Historical Books:
* Note: due to the very large file size of many of the following books, it’s best to download by ‘right-clicking’ on the link, then ‘save target as’ (Internet Explorer) or ‘save link as’ (Firefox or Chrome), etc.
*Except for the html book "Mendelism", by Punnett (not pdf, so just click on the link).

The Poultry Manual.
Sturges, T.W. 1909.
London, Macdonald and Evans.
full book (19.4 MB pdf)

The Book of Poultry.
Wright, Lewis. 1891
Cassell & Co. Lt. London.
full book (53.9 MB pdf)

The Poultry Book.
1873 Tegetmeier, W. B.
George Rutledge & Sons, London.
full book (31.8MB pdf)

Inheritance in poultry.
C. B. Davenport
Carnegie Institution of Washington publication -- no. 52. 1906
full book (8.9 MB pdf)

Inheritance of characteristics in domestic fowl.
C. B. Davenport
Carnegie Institution of Washington publication -- no. 121. (1909)
full book (5.7 MB pdf)

Mendel's Principles of Heredity.
Bateson. W. 1909.
University Press, Cambridge.
full book- pdf (36.7MB pdf)
* posted previously

The variation of animals and plants under domestication. 2d ed.
Charles Darwin. 1875.
London: John Murray.
full book Vol 1 (77 MB pdf)
full book Vol 2 (81 MB pdf)

The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.
Charles Darwin.
1876. 6th ed., with additions and corrections.
London: John Murray.
full book (113.7 MB pdf)

Classic Papers in Genetics.
1959. James Arthur Peters.
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall
full book (18.9 MB pdf)


* Mendelism.
Punnnet, R. 1911
The Macmillan Company, New York
full ebook – html

Genetic Studies in Poultry I. Inheritance of leg-feathering.
Punnett R.C. and Bailey P.G. 1918
J Genet. Volume 7, Number 3, 203-213.
full paper

Genetic studies in poultry. V. On a case of pied plumage.
R. C. Punnett and M. S. Pease. 1927
Journal of Genetics. Volume 18, Number 2, 207-218
full paper

Genetic studies in poultry. VI. The Gold Barred Rock.
R. C. Punnett and M. S. Pease. 1928
Journal of Genetics. Volume 19, Number 3, 337-350
full paper

Genetic studies in poultry VII. Notes on Polydactyly.
R. C. Punnett and M. S. Pease. 1929
Journal of Genetics. Volume 21, 341-366
full paper

Genetic studies in poultry IX. The Blue egg.
R. C. Punnett. 1933.
Journal of Genetics. Volume 27, Number , 465-470.
full paper

Genetic Studies in Poultry. X: Cream Plumage.
Punnett R.C.
J Genet. 1948 Jan;48(3):327-32.
full paper

Genetic Studies in Poultry. XI: The Legbar.
Punnett R.C.
J Genet. 1940 Jan;41(1):1-8.
full paper

Genetic studies in poultry XIII. Recessive Black.
R. C. Punnett. 1957.
Journal of Genetics. Volume 55, Number 3, 562-569.
full paper

Pathogenesis of the Henny Feathering Trait in the Sebright Bantam Chicken. Increased Conversion of Androgen to Estrogen in Skin.
Fredrick W. George and Jean D. Wilson,
J Clin Invest. 1980 July; 66(1): 57–65.
full paper

Henny feathering in the fowl - a fresh interpretation.
Punnett, R. C.
1937 J. Genet. 35: 129-140.
full paper

Note on a Sex-linked Down character in Ducks.
R.C. Punnett.
1932. J. Genet. 25, 191-194
full paper

Sex-Linked Genes in the Fowl.
John W. Macarthur
1933. Genetics 18: 210 .
full paper

VI—Dominance in Poultry.
R.A. Fisher, F.R.S. (1935)
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 225: 197-226,
full paper

A Case of Lateral Asymmetry in the Domestic Fowl.
F.A.E. Crew.
Journal of Genetics. Volume 20, Number 2, 179-186
full paper

Crest and Hernia in Fowls due to a Single Gene without Dominance.
R.A. Fisher
Science, 80: 288-289, (1934)
full paper

Breast Ridge in Domestic Fowl, a New Dominant Character Linked with Pea Comb, or Another Expression of the Pea Comb Gene?
S. S. Munro and Igor L. Kosin.
The American Naturalist Vol. 74, No. 753 (Jul. - Aug., 1940), pp. 382-384
first page only
abstract only

Rose comb: an example of operational over-dominance in the domestic fowl.
Thomas W. Fox, Roy D. Crawford and J. Robert Smyth Jr.
Genetical Research (1964), 5: 379-383
abstract paper


Influence of Homozygosity for Rose Comb on Fumarase, Aconitase, Isocitric Dehydrogenase And Malic Dehydrogenase Activity in Spermatozoa of the Domestic
Fowl (Gallus Domesticus).
R. B. Buckland, F. H. Wilcox and C. S. Shaffner
J. Reprod. Fert. (1969) 18, 89-95.
full paper

White skin: a Z-linked recessive mutation in the fowl.
W. H. McGibbon
J Hered (1981) 72(2): 139-140
full paper

Inheritance of Silkiness in Fowls. History and Description of the Sporadic Occurrence of Silky Feathered Birds among Normally Feathered Ones, and Their Relation.
Sarah V. H. Jones
J Hered (1921) 12 (3): 117-128.
full paper

The Inheritance of Shank-Feathering in the Domestic Fowl.
W. V. Lambert And C. W. Knox
Poult Sci 1929. 9:51-64.
full paper

Genetic Tests on the Association of Brachydactyly and Ptilopody in Fowl.
Paul F. Goetinck
J Hered (1971) 62 (1): 28-30.
full paper

Lethal Mutations


Missing upper beak: a new lethal mutation in domestic fowl.
F. G. Silversides, M. S. Umrtla, and R. D. Crawford.
The Journal of Heredity 73:295-296. 1982.
full paper

A multiple trait semilethal in fowl.
McGibbon WH, Shackelford RM.
J Hered. 1972 Jul-Aug;63(4):209-11.
full paper

Nanomelia, A Lethal Mutation Of The Fowl.
Walter Landauer
J Hered (1965) 56 (3): 131-13
full paper

Prenatal, A Sex-Linked Lethal Mutation of the Fowl.
Ralph G. Somes, J R ., And J. Robert Smyth, J R.
J Hered (1967) 58 (1): 25-29
full paper

Ectrodactyly: A New Embryonic Lethal Mutation in the Chicken.
U. K. Abbott And J.A. MacCabe.
J Hered 1966. p207-11
full paper

Kyphoscoliosis in a Long-Term Selection Experiment with Chickens.
Lewis W. Taylor
Avian Diseases Vol. 15, No. 2 (Apr. - Jun., 1971), pp. 376-39
first page only

Hereditary Hypothyroidism in the Domestic Fowl.
R.K. Cole
Genetics 53: 1021-1033 June 1966
full paper

Evaluation of diversity between different Spanish chicken breeds, a tester line, and a White Leghorn population based on microsatellite markers.
S. G. Dávila1, M. G. Gil, P. Resino-Talaván and J. L. Campo
Poult Sci 2009. 88:2518-2525.
abstract paper

The action of the sex linked barring gene on Spanish chickens with gold plumage.
JL Campo and F Orozco
Genet Sel Evol. 1980; 12(3): 233–239.
full paper

Inheritance of a new albino mutation in Brazilian free-range black chickens.
Jorge W; Cunha L.M.
Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. vol.10 no.3 Campinas July/Sept. 2008.
full paper

Linkage mapping of phenotypic markers and marker identification in MHC in a cross between red junglefowl and Obese strain chicken.
Malin Lindås
full paper

Retarded pigmentation. A new gene affecting down colour and pattern.
Pease, M.; Cock, A.
Autosexing annual, 1952. 1951 pp. 9-12 pp.
abstract paper


Carefoot, W.C. 1981. Notes on the “wheaten” plumage phenotype of the domestic fowl.
Brit Poult Sci 22:499-502
abstract paper

Test for linkage between the eumelanin dilution blue (B1), the extended black (E) allele at the E-locus and the linked pea comb (P) and eumelanin extension (M1) genes in the domestic fowl.
Carefoot WC.
Br Poult Sci. 1990 Sep;31(3):465-72.
abstract paper


Research note: linkage relationship between the pea comb (P) and extended black (E) loci of the chicken.
Smyth, J.R. Jr. (University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA); Ponce de Leon, F.A.
Poultry science (Jan 1992) v. 71(1) p. 208-210
abstract paper


An Autosomal Genetic Linkage Map of the Chicken.
I. Levin, L. Santangelo, H. Cheng, L B. Crittenden, and J. B. Dodgson
full paper

Comparative Mapping of the Chicken Genome Using the East Lansing Reference Population.
Eugene J. Smith, Leslie A. Lyons, Hans H. Cheng, And Steven P. Suchyta.
1997 Poultry Science 76:743–747
full paper

A preliminary linkage map of the chicken genome.
Bumstead N, Palyga J.
Genomics. 1992 Jul;13(3):690-7.
abstract paper

New Microsatellite Markers on the Linkage Map of the Chicken Genome.
R. P. Rfl. A. Crooijmans, A. J. A. van Kampen, J. J. van der Poel, and M.A.M. Groenen.
The Journal of Heredity 1994 85(5)
full paper

Siegel, P.B., Dodgson, J.B. & Andersson, L. 2006. Progress from chicken genetics to
the chicken genome. Poult Sci 85:2025-2060
full paper

Plumage Color Inheritance of the Indian Blue Peafowl (Pavo cristatus): Blue, BlackShouldered, Cameo, and Oaten.
R. G. Somes, Jr. and R. E. Burge
J Hered-1991-64-8
full paper

Genetic Control of Melanin Pigmentation in the Fowl.
Dr. J. Robert Smyth, Jr. 1976
full paper

Melanin Pigmentation: Its Biological Roles, Inheritance and Expression in the Chicken.
Dr. J. Robert Smyth, Jr. 1994
full paper

Bovan history (2009).
full article
*has photos of commercial parent line stock, plus early Exchequer Leghorn stock.

Genome-wide assessment of worldwide chicken SNP genetic diversity indicates significant absence of rare alleles in commercial breeds.
William M. Muir, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Yong Zhang, Jun Wang, Martien A.M. Groenen, Richard P.M.A. Crooijmans, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Huanmin Zhang, Ron Okimoto, Addie Vereijken, Annemieke Jungerius, Gerard A.A. Albers, Cindy Taylor Lawley, Mary E. Delany, Sean MacEachern and Hans H. Cheng
PNAS November 11, 2008 vol. 105 no. 4 17312–17317
full paper

Analysis of mtDNA sequences shows Japanese native chickens have multiple origins.
T. Oka1, Y. Ino, K. Nomura, S. Kawashima, T. Kuwayama, H. Hanada, T. Amano, M. Takada, N. Takahata, Y. Hayashi, F. Akishinonomiya
Animal Genetics.Volume 38, Issue 3, pages 287–293, June 2007
abstract paper

Multiple maternal origins of chickens: Out of the Asian jungles.
Yi-Ping Liua, Gui-Sheng Wua, Yong-Gang Yao, Yong-Wang Miao, Gordon Luikarte, Mumtaz Baig, Albano Beja-Pereirae Zhao-Li Ding, Malliya Gounder Palanichamy and Ya-Ping Zhan.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 38, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 12-19
abstract paper

Conservation of red junglefowl Gallus gallus in India.
Merwyn Fernandes, Mukesh, S. Sathyakumar, Rahul Kaul, Rajiv S. Kalsi And Deepak Sharma.
2009 World Pheasant Association. International Journal of Galliformes Conservation, 1, 94–101
full paper

Genetic diversity studies of red junglefowl across its distribution range in Northern India.
Mukesh, R.S. Kalsi, R.P. Mandhan and S. Sathyakumar,
2011. Asian J. Biotechnol., 3: 293-301.
html_full paper
pdf_full paper

Genetic Diversity in Five Iranian Native Chicken Populations Estimated by Microsatellite Markers
Saleh Shahbazi, Seyed Z. Mirhosseini and Michael N. Romanov
2007. Biochemical Genetics. Volume 45, Numbers 1-2, 63-75.
abstract paper

Genetic evidence from Indian red jungle fowl corroborates multiple domestication of modern day chicken.
Sriramana Kanginakudru, Muralidhar Metta, RD Jakati and J Nagaraj
BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8:17
full paper

Playing chicken with red junglefowl: identifying phenotypic markers of genetic purity in Gallus gallus.
I. L. Brisbin Jr. & A. T. Peterson
Animal Conservation 10 (2007) 429–43
full paper

In Situ Characterization Of Local Chicken Eco-Type For Functional Traits And Production System In Fogera Woreda, Amhara Rgional State.
Bogale Kibret. 2008.
full paper

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of indigenous chicken populations in Northwest Ethiopia.
Halima Hassen Mogess. 2007.
full paper

Linkage Analysis of Endogenous Viral Element 1, Blue Eggshell, and Pea Comb Loci in Chickens.
J. R. Bartlett, C. P. Jones, and Smith.
Journal of Heredity 1996:87(1)
full paper

Sequence analysis of a pea comb locus on chicken chromosome 1.
S. Sato, T. Otake, C. Suzuki, Y. Uemoto, J. Saburi, H. Hashimoto, E. Kobayashi
Animal Genetics. Volume 41, Issue 6, pages 659–661, December 2010.
abstract paper

Genotype at the PMEL17 locus affects social and explorative behaviour in chickens.
Karlsson AC, Kerje S, Andersson L, Jensen P.
Br Poult Sci. 2010 Apr;51(2):170-7.
abstract paper

Role of Mitf in differentiation and transdifferentiation of chicken pigmented epithelial cell.
Mochii M, Mazaki Y, Mizuno N, Hayashi H, Eguchi G.
Dev Biol. 1998 Jan 1;193(1):47-62.
abstract paper

Physiological studies on the sex-linked dwarfism of the fowl: a review on the search for the gene's primary effect.
M Tixier-Boichard, LM Huybrechts, E Kühn, E Decuypere, J Charrier, and P Mongin
Genet Sel Evol. 1989; 21(2): 217–234.
full paper

Fifteen years of observations on the dwarf gene in the domestic fowl.
Paul E Bernier and George H Arscott.
Genetics Selection Evolution 1972, 4:183-215
full paper

Sex linked dwarf gene (dw) in White Leghorn laying hens under normal or hot temperature.
A.K. Banerjee A. Bordas P. Mérat
Ann. Genet. Sel. anim., 1982, 14 (2), 135-160.
full paper

BREEDING AND GENETICS. An Autosomal Dwarfism in the Domestic Fowl.
R. K. Cole
2000. Poultry Science 79:1507–1516
full paper

Sex-linked dwarfism in the fowl.
Hutt, F. B., 1959.
J. Hered. 50:209–221.
full paper

Genetic variants for chick biology research: from breeds to mutants.
Delany ME.
Mech Dev. 2004 Sep;121(9):1169-77.
full paper

The Phenotypic Modification of Hereditary Polydactylism of Fowl by Selection and by Insulin.
Walter Landauer
Genetics. 1948 March; 33(2): 133–157.
full paper

Inheritance Of Polydactylism in the Fowl.
D.C. Warren. 1944.
Genetics 29: 2 1 7 May 1944
full paper

The use of Tarsometatarsi in sexing and ageing domestic fowl (Gallus gallus L.), and recognising five toed breeds in archaeological material.
Peta Sadler.
Circaea 8 (1) (1991 for 1990), 41-48.
full paper

The Endocrine System and Plumage Types. I. Some Effects of Hypothyroidism.
A. S. Parkes and H. Selye.
Journal of Genetics Vol. 34, No. 2. 297-306. (May, 1937)
full paper
-fixed broken link & page number (p 297)

The Endocrine System and Plumage Types. II. The Effects of Thyroxin Injections to Normal, Caponized and Thyroidectomized Caponized Birds.
C. W. Emmens and A. S. Parkes
Journal of Genetics Vol. 39, No. 3. 485-492. (March, 1940)
full paper

The Endocrine System and Plumage Types. III. Further Experiments on the Relation between the Thyroid Gland and Plumage Patterns in domestic Fowls and Ducks.
J. P. Chu.
Journal of Genetics Vol. 39, No. 3. 493-502. (March, 1940)
full paper

The Endocrine System and Plumage Types. IV. Ferminization of Plumage, with especial reference to Henny Cocks and Eclipse Drakes.
C. W. Emmens and A. S. Parkes
Journal of Genetics Vol. 39, No. 3. 503-515. (March, 1940)
full paper

The Endocrine System and Plumage Types. V. The Production of Eclipse Plumage in the Mallard by Injection of Anterior Pituitary Extract and Dehydroandrosterone.
J. P. Chu.
Journal of Genetics Vol. 39, No. 3. 517-528. (March, 1940)
full paper

Reversal of the Secondary Sexual Characters in the Fowl. A Castrated Brown Leghorn Male which assumed Female Characters.
A.W. Greenwood and J.S.S. Blyth.
Journal of Genetics Vol. 26, No. 2. 199-214. (October, 1932)
full paper

Inheritance of Earlobe Color in Poultry.
Warren DC.
Genetics. 1928 Nov;13(6):470-87.
full paper

The Chromosomes of the Domestic Fowl.
M.J.D.White
Journal of Genetics Vol. 26, No. 3. 345-350. (December, 1932)
full paper

Inheritance of Spangling in the Domestic Fowl.
Lewis W. Taylor
Journal of Genetics Vol. 26, No. 3. 385-394. (December, 1932)
full paper

Studies on the Creeper Fowl. V. The Linkage of the Genes of Creeper and Single-comb.
Walter Landauer
Journal of Genetics Vol. 26, No. 2. 285-290. (October, 1932)
full paper

Studies on the Creeper Fowl. IX. Malformations occurring in the Creeper Stock. Walter Landauer
Journal of Genetics Vol. 30, No. 2. 303-320. (March, 1935)
full paper

The Genetics of the Rumpless Fowl with Evidence of a Case of Changing Dominance.
L. C. Dunn and Walter Landauer.
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 29, No. 2. 217-244. (July, 1934)
full paper

A Colour Mutation in the Rhode Island Red Fowl.
Joseph P. Quinn
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 29, No. 1. 75-83. (April, 1934)
full paper
*red splashed white mutation

Further experiments with the P Gene in the Fowl.
Joseph P. Quinn
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 30, No. 3. 477- 480. (May, 1935)
full paper
*this is red splashed white (not peacomb)

On the Left-sided Incidence of the Supernumerary Digit in Heterodactylous Fowls.
C.J. Bond
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 10, No. 1. 87-92. (July, 1920)
full paper

Further Data on a Case of Autosomal Linkage in the Domestic Fowl.
L.C. Dunn and W. Landauer.
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 22, No. 1 pp 95-102 (April, 1930)
full paper

The interpretation of autosexing.
A. G. Cock
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 51, No. 2. 421 – 433. (January, 1953)
full paper

Notes on the Genitalia of a Crowing Hen.
J. Bronte Gatenby and F.W. Rogers Brambell
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 14, No. 2. 173-184. (August, 1924)
full paper

Experiments with certain Plumage Colour and Pattern Factors in Poultry.
W.E. Agar
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 14, No. 2. 265-172. (August, 1924)
full paper

The Combination of Linkage Values, and the Calculation of Distances between the Loci of Linked Factors.
J.B.S. Haldane
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 8, No. 4. 299-309 (September, 1919)
full paper

On Certain Factors concerned in the production of Eye Colour in Birds.
C.J. Bond
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 9, No. 1. 69-82. (December, 1919)
full paper

The Genetics of the Fowl. I. The Inheritance of Frizzled Plumage.
F. B. Hutt
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 22, No. 1 pp 109-128. (April, 1930)
full paper
-fixed broken link - thanks Redcap

Genetic Studies in Poultry. II. Inheritance of Egg-Colour and Broodiness.
R.C. Punnett and Major P.G. Bailey
Journal of Genetics. Vol. 10, No. 4. 277-292. (December, 1920)
full paper

Genetic studies in poultry III. Hen-Feathered cocks.
R. C. Punnett and P. G. Bailey 1921
Journal of Genetics Volume 11, Number 1, 37-57
full paper

Genetic studies in poultry IV. On the barred plumage of certain breeds.
R. C. Punnett and M. S. Pease
Journal of Genetics Volume 11, Number 3, 235-24
full paper

Genetic studies in Poultry. VIII. On a case of sex-linkage within a breed.
R. C. Punnett and M. S. Pease
1930. Jour. Gen. 22: 395-397
full paper

Genetic Studies in Poultry. X. Linkage Data for the Sex Chromosome.
R. C. Punnett
Journal of Genetics Vol. 39, No. 2 (January, 1940)
full paper


Evolution of Avian Plumage Dichromatism from a Proximate Perspective.
Rebecca T. Kimball and J. David Ligon
vol. 154, no. 2 the american naturalist august 1999.
full paper

A suggestion as to the Nature of "Walnut" Comb in Fowls.
Bateson, W and R.C. Punnett. 1905.
Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 13: 165-168.
Google books preview

On asymmetric spur development in fowls.
C. J. Bond 1937
JOURNAL OF GENETICS Volume 34, Number 2, 229-235
http://www.ias.ac.in/jarch/jgenet/34/229.pdf